Map Reading

The gaelic origins of place names in britain

By OS Team

Published on November 7, 2019 75 min read

If you have ever wondered how many of the places in Scotland got their names, this extensive list of terms, along with pronunciation, is here to help.

See also Scandanavian, Scots and Welsh

Background to Scottish Gaelic

Scottish Gaelic today is strongly associated with the Scottish Highlands, especially the Western Isles, and it is easy to forget that it was once the main language of Scotland. About a thousand years ago, when Gaelic was at its height, it could be heard from Berwickshire to Caithness and from Cape Wrath to the Rhinns of Galloway. It has left its mark above all else, in place names, even in areas including much of lowland Scotland, where it has been little spoken since the middle ages. It has left us with thousands of familiar place names containing scores of Gaelic elements, such as Auch‑ from achadh, Auchter‑ from uachdar, Bal‑ from baile, Dun‑ from dùn, Inver‑ from inbhir, Kin‑ from ceann, and Kil‑ usually from cill or coille.

On the Ordnance Survey maps of Scotland you will find two types of names: those written using English spelling and those using Gaelic spelling (orthography). This does not reflect the extent of place names derived from Gaelic, which are to be found throughout most of Scotland, but rather it reflects the areas in which Gaelic was, or had recently been, spoken at the time of the creation of the Ordnance Survey maps in the 19th century. The accompanying glossary is concerned only with those names written in Gaelic orthography. The initial form given in the glossary is the main form of that word in the Gaelic‑Gaelic dictionary Brìgh nam Facal by Richard A V Cox (Gairm Publications, Glasgow 1991).

Structure of place name

Place names are made up of elements, words taken mostly from everyday language used to describe a special feature of a place. Place names arise from the interaction of language and environment.

Place names can consist of a single generic element, usually a noun (Comar NH3331, Corran NS2193). These are often preceded by the Scottish Standard English definite article ’the’, Gaelic an, am, a’, plural na (An Dùnan NM8629, Am Fasgadh NN0169, A’ Charraig NR8467, Na Croitean NM3721). Most place names, however, are made up of more than one element, with a linguistic relationship between the elements. For example, the generic can be qualified by:

An adjective, such as mòr ’big’ in Beinn Mhòr NH9928 or dearg ’red’ in Eas Dearg NN6109. Sometimes more than one adjective can qualify the generic element, as in Eilean Glas Mòr NF9069. Such names are also often preceded by the definite article, as in An Ùidh Dhubh NH7395. Note that the definite article is more common in such place names than would appear from Ordnance Survey maps, which frequently do not record it as part of the name.

Another common noun in the genitive case, such as sgadan ’herring’ in Geodha Sgadain NG1087, often with the definite article, such as Gleann a’ Chapaill NR7367 (’glen of the horse’), or Loch na h‑Oidhche NG8865 (’loch of the night’).

A proper noun, either a personal name, such as Fearchar (Farquhar) in Allt Fhearchair NM5326 or Mairead (Margaret) in Clach Mairead NB1841; OR an existing place name, such as Ìle (Islay) in Caol Ìle or Àirigh nan Eun in Allt Àirigh nan Eun NR8666. Many personal names are those of saints, such as Cill(e) Brìde NR8362, NR3846 (’church of (St) Brigit’ (Kilbride)).

The element qualifying a generic element is called a qualifying or specific element. An element can be generic or specific, depending on how it is used in a name. For example, in Eilean Dubh NC2409 eilean is the generic, dubh is the specific element; whereas in Loch an Eilein NR7980 loch is the generic, an t‑eilean (’the island’) is the specific element.

In Gaelic an adjective usually follows its noun, as in French, for example, Creag Bhàn, Beinn Fhada, except for sean(n) (’old’), which regularly comes before its noun. Other adjectives, especially colour adjectives, can sometimes come after, sometimes before their noun, for example, Coire Glas NO2587 but Glas‑Choire NS1598.

Gaelic spelling and pronunciation

Gaelic spelling is more regular than English spelling, which means that it reflects more accurately the actual sounds of the language. It should be stressed, however, that the sound system of Gaelic is different from Standard English (Received Pronunciation), Scottish Standard English, Scots, or any of the Scottish or English dialects, except for the so‑called West Highland accent, which has been heavily influenced by Gaelic. There are, however, more similarities with Scottish Standard English than with Standard English (Received Pronunciation), so most of the examples below are taken from Scottish Standard English. Modern Gaelic spelling recommendations are embodied in the Gaelic Orthographic Conventions that are available online at sqa.org.uk.

Gaelic uses an alphabet of 18 letters, namely a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u. A major feature of the Gaelic spelling system is the concept of broad and slender vowels, which are also referred to as back and front vowels. The broad or back vowels are a, o, u, the slender or front vowels are e, i. The pronunciation of most consonants is different depending on whether they are beside a broad vowel or a slender vowel. For this reason a consonant or group of consonants in the middle of a word must have either a broad vowel on either side or a slender vowel on either side.

All vowels can be long or short, with length being indicated by a grave accent ( ’ ). Formerly acute accents ( ´ ) were used on e and o to indicate not only length (quantity) but also quality, with è pronounced like a long French è (as in Scottish English cortege), and é pronounced like a long French é (as in Scottish English bay); while ò was pronounced like Scottish English awe, and ó like Scottish English owe. However, the acute accent ( ´ ) has been abandoned in modern spelling recommendations so that the grave accent ( ’ ) now indicates length only.

These modern spelling recommendations also explain why forms formerly written with u in unstressed syllables such as calltuinn, camus, tarsuinn, are now written with a, calltainn, camas, tarsainn.

What follows is only a rough approximation of sounds. Remember that the English words given as equivalents are to be pronounced more like Scottish Standard English than Standard English (received pronunciation), unless otherwise stated.

Vowels

Single vowels

a: like a in ’hat’, often like u in ’but’; before nn it is like ow in ’cow’

à: like a in ’half’

e: short closed e like a in ’rate’ and short open e like e in ’fetch’

è: long closed e like ay in ’bay’ (formerly é) and long open e like e in ’cortege’ (formerly è)

i: like ee as in ’keep’

ì: like ee in ’keep’ but longer

o: short closed o like oa in ’boat’, and short open o like o in ’lot’

ò: long closed o like ’owe’ (formerly ó), and long open o like ’awe’ (formerly ò)

u: like oo in ’book’

ù: like oo in ’book’, but longer

Vowel groups

Most groups of two or three vowels are pronounced much as would be expected, that is as separate sounds rapidly following one another. However, often one of the vowels is there simply to indicate whether a consonant is broad or slender, for example, in fearann the a following the e indicates that the r is broad, so that ea is pronounced simply as e (as in ’get’). However, note the following:

ao: a long sound with no equivalent in English. Try saying Gaelic ù (like oo in ’book’, but longer) without rounding your lips.

eu: like ia in ’Maria’ or like ay in ’bay’.

Consonants

This is not a complete or exact description of how each consonant or group of consonants are pronounced. However, those that are most unfamiliar to someone used to the English spelling system are given below, with their approximate English value:

bh: like v at the beginning of words, otherwise like w, or silent (that is not heard at all); for example dubh is pronounced approximately as ’doo’.

c: like c in ’cat’ or c in ’cue’; when it occurs between two vowels or as the last letter of a word it is preceded by the sound ch in ’loch’

ch: like ch in ’loch’.

cn: like cr.

d slender (that is in contact with one of the slender vowels e, i): like j in ’jam’.

dh broad (that is in contact with one of the broad vowels a, o, u): the same sound as Gaelic broad gh, almost like French r in ’rire’. When it is not at the beginning of a word it is often pronounced only very lightly or not at all.

dh slender (that is in contact with one of the slender vowels e, i): the same sound as Gaelic slender gh, like y in ’yet’. When it is not at the beginning of a word it is often pronounced only very lightly or not at all.

fh: silent, that is not pronounced at all.

gh broad (that is in contact with one of the broad vowels a, o, u): the same sound as Gaelic broad dh, almost like French r in ’rire’. When it is not at the beginning of a word it is often pronounced only very lightly or not at all.

gh slender (that is in contact with one of the slender vowels e, i): the same sound as Gaelic slender dh, like y in ’yet’. When it is not at the beginning of a word it is often pronounced only very lightly or not at all.

l broad (that is in contact with one of the broad vowels a, o, u): like a hollow or dark l, as in ’full’, with the blade (as opposed to the tip) of the tongue touching the teeth.

l slender (that is in contact with one of the slender vowels e, i): like lli in ’million’ when it is at the beginning of a word; otherwise like ll in ’silly’.

mh: like v at the beginning of words, otherwise like w, or silent (that is not heard at all). It also makes the vowel before it sound very nasal.

ph: like f.

r slender (that is in contact with one of the slender vowels e, i): can be pronounced like r in Scottish English ’tree’, but in several dialects it is pronounced like th in ’the’.

rd and rt: in many Gaelic dialects this is pronounced with a light sh as in ’she’ between the two consonants.

s slender (that is in contact with one of the slender vowels e, i): like sh in ’she’.

t slender (that is in contact with one of the slender vowels e, i): like ch in ’church’.

th: like h in ’he’ at the beginning of words, otherwise silent.

Some grammar

The following is not a full description of Gaelic grammar. However, in order to use the Elements Index it is important to know a little about these things. A full description can be found in any book for Gaelic learners, sources for which are given in the further information section.

Certain regular changes take place in Gaelic in nouns, adjectives and the definite article, depending on such grammatical features as gender (masculine or feminine), number (singular or plural), and case (nominative, genitive, dative). All Gaelic nouns are either masculine or feminine, and it will become clear that it is important to know what gender a noun belongs to. Some nouns, however, are used in masculine and feminine forms depending on local usage. They are marked nmf in the glossary. The genitive case indicates possession, as indicated in English by ’of the’.

Definite article

‘The’ is the only form of the definite article in English. However, as with most other European languages, Gaelic has several forms, depending on number, gender and case, as well as on the initial letter or letters of the following noun.

Singular

a’: for example, before a feminine noun in the nominative case beginning with b(h), c(h), g(h), m(h), p(h), as in A’ Bheinn NM8403, A’ Chruach NM9021, A’ Phàirc Loisgte NN4856; or before a masculine noun in the genitive case beginning with b(h), c(h), g(h), m(h), p(h), as in Sròn a’ Bhàird NR7662, ’nose of the poet’, containing the genitive of am bàrd ’the poet’, Allt a’ Choire Dhuibh NN2564, ’burn of the black corrie’, containing the genitive of an coire dubh ’the black corrie’. This form of the definite article always causes lenition (see below).

am: before a masculine noun in the nominative case beginning with b, f, m, p, as in Am Fasgadh NN0169, Am Meall NR7665.

an: for example, before a masculine noun in the nominative case beginning with any consonant except b, f, m, p, as in An Cnap NS0146, or before a feminine noun in the nominative case beginning with a vowel or f(h), as in An Àird NG5335, An Fhang NR6552.

an t‑: for example, before a masculine noun in the nominative beginning with a vowel, as in An t‑Inbhir NN4048; before a masculine noun in the genitive beginning with s + vowel, l, n, or r, as in Cnoc an t‑Sagairt NR8368, ’hill of the priest’, containing the genitive of an sagart ’the priest’, Meall an t‑Sluic NN5152, containing the genitive of an sloc ’the hollow’; or before a feminine noun in the nominative beginning with s + vowel, l, n, or r, as in An t‑Sàil Bheag NG8761, An t‑Sròn NL9342. Note that in all cases following an t‑ the initial s is silent, that is it is not pronounced.

na: before a feminine noun in the genitive beginning with a consonant, as in Loch na Bèiste NR7654, Port na Cille NR6444.

na h‑: before a feminine noun in the genitive beginning with a vowel, as in Gob na h‑Àirde Mòire NB0117, containing the genitive of An Àird Mhòr ’the big headland’.

The forms of the definite article with singular nouns can be summarised in this table:

Singular | Initial letter of following noun
b, m, p | c, g | d, l, n, r, t | f | s | vowel
masculine | nom | am | an | an | am | an | an t‑
gen | a’ | a’ | an | an | an t‑ | an
feminine | nom | a’ | a’ | an | an | an | an
gen | na | na | na | na | t‑ na | na h‑

Plural

na: before masculine and feminine nouns in the nominative beginning with a consonant, as in Na Cnuic Liatha NC1810, plural of an cnoc liath ’the grey hill’ (cnoc is masculine), Na Croitean NM3721, plural of a’ chroit ’the croft’ (croit is feminine).

na h‑: before masculine and feminine nouns in the nominative beginning with a vowel, as in Na h‑Easan NC4300, plural of an t‑eas ’the waterfall’ (eas is masculine) or Na h‑Ìnnsean NC2522, plural of an innis (innis is feminine).

nam: before masculine and feminine nouns in the genitive beginning with b, f, m, p, as in Toll nam Broc NR8082, Creag nam Fitheach NR7876.

nan: before masculine and feminine nouns in the genitive beginning with any letter except b, f, m, p, as in Druim nan Toll NN7094.

The forms of the definite article with plural nouns can be summarised in this table:

Plural | Initial letter of following noun
b, f, m, p | other consonants | vowel
Masculine or feminine | nom | na | na | na
gen | nam | nan | h‑ nan

Lenition

Gaelic is a Celtic language and, as in other Celtic languages such as Irish and Welsh, the consonants at the beginning of words can change according to gender, number and case. In Gaelic this is called lenition, meaning literally ’softening’, and it is usually signalled by putting the letter h after the lenited or softened consonant.

The initial consonants that are affected by lenition by the addition of an h are b, c, d, f, g, m, p, s, t. The consonants l, n, r can also be affected by lenition, but this is not expressed in the spelling.

These are some of the main circumstances in which lenition occurs:

in a feminine singular noun following the definite article, as in A’ Bheinn NM8403, An Fhang NR6552;

in an adjective following a feminine singular noun, as in Creag Bhreac NM8400 or Beinn Mhòr NH9928;

in the genitive of a masculine singular noun following the definite article a’, as in Eilean a’ Bhuic NB5452 (genitive of boc);

in the adjective qualifying a masculine genitive singular noun, as in Rubha a’ Phuirt Mhòir NR2457 (genitive of port mòr);

in the genitive singular of masculine personal names, as in Geodha Chaluim MhicMhuirich NA0701 (’the ravine of Calum MacVurich or Malcolm Currie’) or Sgùrr Thormaid NG4422 (’Tormad’s or Norman’s peak’); and

in a noun following an adjective, regardless of the noun’s gender, as in Glas‑Choire NS1598.

Glossary

Place names are made up of components which are referred to as elements. These elements are simply the words people used to describe a place or their response to their environment. A more complete background to Scottish Gaelic in place names, pronunciation and spelling can be found preceding Introduction.

This is a glossary of the elements from Scottish Gaelic most frequently found in the place names of Britain. The meaning given is that which occurs in place names. Examples (with grid references) are given for each element. The forms of names given in these examples are as they currently appear on Ordnance Survey maps, which in some cases do not conform to current Gaelic conventions.

There are usually three forms given for each noun: the first form is the basic form, called the nominative singular; the second form is the genitive singular; while the third form is the plural.

Abbreviations

adj = adjective
adv = adverb
f = feminine
g = genitive
m = masculine
nf = noun feminine

nm = noun masculine
nmf = noun sometimes used in masculine and in feminine
num = number
pl = plural
pr = preposition

Element | Meaning | Examples
a’ | form of definite article ’the’
abhainn nf aibhne g aibhnichean pl | river | Abhainn a’ Bhàigh NB2502, Abhainn Bheag NC8446
acairseid | alternative form of acarsaid | Acairseid an Rubha NG5600
acarsaid nf acarsaide g acarsaidean pl | anchorage, harbour | Acarsaid an Dùin NM0847, AcarsaidNM5872
ach | shortened form of achadh | Ach nan Con NN1370, Ach a’ Chorrain NC3761
achadh nm achaidh g achaidhean pl | field, agricultural holdingDroma | Achadh nan Each NM5245, Achadh an NM4349
achlais nf achlaise g achlaisean pl | armpit, oxter | Allt na h‑Achlaise NH2982, An Achlais NH2982
agh nm aighe g aighean pl | young cow, heifer | Bad nan Aighean NC1325, Breac nan Aighean NM0448
aibhne, aibhnichean | see abhainn | Port Bun Aibhne NR2068
aifrean nmf aifrinn(e) g | church‑land | Allt an Aifrinn NH4845, Port na h‑Aifrinne NM6980
aighe, aighean | see agh | Rubha nan Aighean NM6962
àil | see àl | Loch an Àil NF7101
àileach adj | airy, windy, breezy | Sròn Àileach NN6715
àilean nm àilein g àilein pl | green, enclosure, meadow | Càrn an Àilean NH8221, Boch‑àilean ND1020
airbhe nf | dividing wall, fence | Sgeirean nan Airbhe NC1548, Allt na h‑Airbhe NH2361
àird nf àirde g àirdean pl | height, promontory | Cruach Àirde NR7363, Rubha na h‑Àirde Bige NC2049
àirigh nf àirighe g àirighean, àirichean pl | shieling | Sean‑Àirigh NC9458, Àirigh a’ Bhealaich NB5358
aiseag nm aiseig g aiseagan pl | ferry | Eilean an Aiseig NF8646, Gob an Aiseig NB2616
aisir nf aisre g aisrean pl | passage, pass, path | Loch Aisir NC1960, Aisir a’ Chaorainn NN1843
aisridh nf | hill, path | Aisridh Màiri Bhàn NN1868, Allt Aisridh NG5721
aiteann nm aitinn g | juniper | Allt an Aitinn NO2082, Caochan Aitinn NJ1310
àl nm àil g | rock, stone | Loch an Àil NF7101
allt nm uillt g uillt pl | burn, stream | Allt a’ Bhacain NJ0330, Bad an Uillt ND2044
alltan nm alltain g alltain pl | small burn, rivulet | Coire Chrion‑alltain NN8495, Alltain Ruadh NG9865
am | form of definite article ’the’
amar nm amair g amaran, amraichean pl | trough, channel, ditch | Allt an Amair NJ1343, Beinn an Amair NC3565
amhach nf amhaiche g amhaichean pl | neck | Loch nan Amhaichean NH4176
a‑muigh adv | outer | Hèisgeir A‑Muigh NL5786
an, an t‑ | forms of definite article ’the’
annaid nf annaid(e) g | early or mother‑church, land belonging to such a church | Tòrr na h‑Annaid NM3621
aodann nm aodainn g aodainnean pl | face | Aodann Mhòr NC4069, Aodann Raineach NN0502
aoidh nf aoidhe g aoidhean pl | neck of land, slow moving water | Eilean Aoidhe NR9367, Caisteal Aoidhe NR9071
aoineadh nm aoinidh g | steep brae with rocks, morraine | Fionn Aoineadh NM4026, Aoineadh Beag NM6550
aon, aona num | one, on its own, same | Rubha na h‑Aona Cloich NA9726
aonach nm aonaich g aonaichean pl | steep height, plateau, hill | An Dubh‑aonach NM6474, Aonach Bàn NN7454
arbhar nm arbhair g | corn | Camas an Arbhair NG7381, Cnoc anArbhair ND0556
àrd nmf àird g àrdan pl | non‑standard form of àird | Druim an Àird NC7764, Àrd Caol NB2301
àrd adj | high | Sròn Àrd NB1112, Tom Àrd NB2630
ari | anglicised form of àirigh | Arinagour NM2257, Arinabea NN2931
a‑staigh adv | inner | Hèisgeir A‑Staigh NL5886
àth nm àtha g àthan pl | ford | Eilean an Àtha NM7407, Loch an Àth Ruaidh NB0518
athair nm athar g athraichean pl | father | Caolas Mhic an Athar NR3686
auch, auchen | anglicised forms of achadh | Auchencloy NX0754, Aucheninch NS2514
auchter | anglicised form of uachdar | Auchterarder NN9412, Auchtertyre NJ1858
ault | anglicised form of allt | Ault na Skiah NH6742, Aultbeg NJ2733
bà | see bò | Lochan na Bà Glaise NM7188, Rubha na Bà NC2048
bac nm baca, baic g bacan pl | pit, hollow, bog, peat bank | Am Bac Dubh NH2351, Bràigh Bac NN3088
bacach adj | hilly, rugged | Cnoc Bacach NC4551, Loch Bacach NC4551
bachall nm bachaill g bachallan pl | crozier, staff (of a cleric) | Coire a’ Bhachaill NN0630
bad nm baid g badan pl | tuft, grove, thicket | Bad an Òir NN5186, Càrn Bad an Daimh NH7628
bàgh nm bàigh g bàghan, bàghannan pl | bay | Bàgh a Tuath NB5532, Bàgh a’ Ghlinne NG1898
baic | see bac | Allt Bhaic NN8464
baid | see bad | Allt a’ Bhaid Leathain NC6320
bàigh | see bàgh | Tràigh Bad na Bàighe NC2247
baile nm bailtean pl | farm, hamlet, homestead | Baile na Cille NC0834, Baile Geamhraidh NM6255
bàird | see bàrd | Loch a’ Bhàird NB3001
bal | anglicised form of baile | Balbeg ND1553, Balcairn NJ7828
balla | anglicised form of baile | Ballabeg NJ4103, Ballachulish NN0757
bally | anglicised form of baile | Ballycoach NS3611, Ballygowan NR8197
bàn adj | fair, white, pale, light in colour | Eas Bàn NH0977, Eilean Bàn NF8046
bane | anglicised form of bàn | Craigbane NX6797, Tombane NN9552
bànrigh nf bànrighe g bànrighean pl | queen | Sròn na Bàn‑righ NN8788, Clach na Bàn‑righ NM1858
bàrd nm bàird g bàird pl | bard, poet, dyke, fence, park | Eilean a’ Bhàird NG2704, Loch a’ Bhàird NB3001
barpa nm barpannan pl | (chambered) cairn, heap of stones | Barpa Langass NF8365, Dùn Bharpa NF6701
bàrr nm barra g barran pl | top, summit, height, hill | Am Bàrr NM9728, Allt Bàrr Mhìn NN2532
bàta nm bàtaichean pl | boat, barge | Sloc a’ Bhàta NF7100, Camas a’ Bhàta NG7371
bàthaich (also in f form bàthach, bàthcha) nm bàthaich g bàthaichean pl | byre, cow shed | Bàthaich Fionndag NH9907, Mòine na Bàthaich NB4055
beag adj bhig (f), bige (m) g beaga pl | little | Monadh Beag NN1585, Poll Beag NH8437
bealach nm bealaich g bealaich pl | pass, gorge of a mountain, glen, gap | Am Bealach NC8959, Bealach a’ Chait NM9283
bealaidh nm | broom (plant) | Càrn a’ Bhealaidh NO3293, Creag a’ Bhealaidh NH3439
bean nf mnà, mnatha g mnathan pl | wife, woman | Druim na Mnà NB2332, Bean an Taighe NM6375
beanntan | see beinn
beàrn nf bèirn, beàirn g beàrnan pl | gap, crevice | Tobar Bun na Bèirn NR1653
beathrach, beathraichean | see beithir | Beinn nam Beathrach NM7557
beg | anglicised form of beag | CarnbegNR4167, Corranbeg NM8004
beinn nf beinne g beanntan pl | mountain, peak | Beinn a’ Tuath NB0923, Beinn a’ Ghrianain NC2835
bèirn | see beàrn | Tobar Bun na Bèirn NR1653
bèist nf bèiste g bèistean pl | beast, monster | Cnoc na Bèiste NC5065, Clach na Bèiste NR9061
beithe nf beithe g | birch | Camas Beithe NG8388, Cnoc Beithe NN8626
beithir nm beathrach g beathraichean, beithrichean pl | serpent, wild beast | Sròn a’ Bheathrach NR8266, Cleite na Beathrach NB3013
ben | anglicised form of beinn | Ben TirranNO3674, Ben Stack NC2742
beul nm beòil g beòil pl | mouth, opening | Beul a’ Mhàim NN0674, Beul an Lochain NC9963
beum nm beuma g beuman, beumannan pl | stream, torrent, gap
bh‑ | A word starting bh is often a lenited form of a word starting b
bhig | see beag | Lùb Gairt Bhig NN3044
bho dheas adj | southern | Dail bho Dheas NB4861
bho thuath adj | northern | Dail bho Thuath NB4961
biast nf bèiste g biastan pl | alternative form of bèist | Toll nam BiastNG8761, Biastan Thuilm NB4430
bidean nm bidein g bideanan pl | pinnacle, sharp, pointed hill | Am Bidean NG3441, Bidean Dubh NG9520
bige | see beag | Loch Cul Làimhe Bige NB1722
bile nf bilean pl | lip, edge, margin | Beinn na Bile NF9571, Bile Buidhe NJ0711
binnean nm binnein g binnein pl | high conical hill | An Binnean Crom NR3790, Binnein NN3409
biolar nf biolair g | watercress | Biolaire NB4641, Fuaran nam Biolaire NN5139
biorach adj | sharp‑pointed | Rubha Biorach NM7368, Meall Biorach NN0237
bioran nm biorain g biorain pl | stick | Leac nam Bioran NM9472, Bioran Beag NN6922
blair | anglicised form of blàr | Drumblair NX2850, Dalblair NS6419
blàr nm blàir g blàran pl | cleared space | Blàr an Lochain NN2088
bò nm bà g bà pl (bò g pl | cow | Lochan na Bà Glaise NM7188, Rubha na Bà NC2048
boc nm buic g buic pl | buck, he‑goat | Sgeir nam Boc NC0615, Allt a’ Bhuic ND0535
bodach nm bodaich g bodaich pl | old man, spectre | Sloc nam Bodach NR4298, Allt nam Bodach NL6490
bodha nm bodhachan pl | sunken rock in sea, rock over which waves break | Bodha Ruadh NG4475
bogach nm bogaich g bogaichean pl | marsh, bog | Bogach NF7102, Bogach nan Sgadan NF8068
bogha nm boghachan pl | alternative form of bodha | Bogha Beag NG7326, Bogha Crom NM4434
boglach nf boglaich g boglaichean pl | marsh, bog | Boglach nan Tarbh NR4073, Boglach Mhòr NM5623
bonn nm buinn g buinn, bonnan pl | heel, sole, foundation, bottom | Allt Bhuinne NN6348
borrach nm borraich g | rough hill grass | Borrach NS0226
bota nm botaichean pl | river bank, mound | Bot na Gile NB4848, Botan Ruairidh NB3745
both nm botha g bothan pl | cottage, hut | Both Ruadh NB0621, Allt nam Bothan NN3709
bradan nm bradain g bradain pl | salmon | Loch nam Bradan NB3525, Allt Teanga Bradan NG5122
bràigh nm bràighe, bràghad g bràigheachan pl | upper part, upland country | Allt a’ Chas Bràighe NB0021, Allt Bràigh Bac NN3188
bràthair nm bràthar g bràithrean pl (also bràthairean) | brother, rock (especially pairs of rocks) | Leac nam Bràthairean NM7230, Na Bràthairean NL9538
breac adj | speckled, spotted | Caisteal Breac NH5868, Càrn Breac NH0452
breac nm bric g bric pl | trout | Eilean nam Breac NM7091, Loch nam Breac NC6958
breck | anglicised form of breac | Carrabreck HU3680, Clachbreck NR7675
breug nf brèige g breugan pl | lie, falsehood | Rubha na Brèige NC0519
breun adj | foul, stinking, filthy | Breun Loch NH5568, Am Breun Chamas NN1075
bric | see breac | Loch na Bric NR8089
broc nm bruic g bruic pl | badger | Rubha nam Broc NM7769, Sròn nam Broc NJ1805
brochan nm brochain g brochain pl | porridge, gruel | Coille Bhrochain NN9061, Coire Bhrochain NN9599
bròg nf bròige g brògan pl | boot | Stob na Bròige NN1952
bruach nf bruaich g bruaichean pl | bank, brink | Bruach an Fhraoich NC3940, Bruach an Iaruinn NR9023
bruic | see broc | Sròn na Bruic NR9593
bruthach nmf bruthaich g bruthaichean pl | brae, ascent | Ruadh‑bruthach NF6163, Bruthach Breac NR2945
buachaill nm buachaille g buachaillean pl | cow‑herd, shepherd | Tom nam Buachaillean NN0405, Am Buachaille NN7494
buaile nf buailtean pl | cattle‑fold | Buaile Bhuidhe NA9925, Buaile Dhubh NG8790
buic | see boc | Allt a’ Bhuic ND0535, Bàgh Buic NR9170
buidhe adj | yellow | Allt Coire Buidhe NC7144, Buidheanach Burn NN9594
buin | see bun
buinn | see bonn | Allt Bhuinne NN6348
bùirich nmf | roaring, bellowing (especially of deer) | Allt a’ Bhùirich NC2401, Coire Bhùirich NN5671
bùirn | see bùrn
bun nm buin, buna g buin, bunan pl | base, foot, foundation | Bun a’ Ghlinne NB5244, Bun an Uillt NF8219
bùrn nm bùirn g | water, not applied to salt water | Creag Àrd a’ Bhùirn NH5275, Tobar Bhùirn ND2034
bùth nm bùtha g bùthan, bùithean pl | booth, hut, cottage | Camas nam Bùth NC1444, Cnoc nam Bùth NH5674
cabar nm cabair g cabair pl | antler, horn, pole | Glac nan Cabar NH3342, An Cabar NH4466
cabhsair nm cabhsair g cabhsairean pl | causeway | An Cabhsair NH7516, Cabhsair ND1648
cachaileith nf cachaileithe g cachaileithean pl | field gate, hurdle | Cachaileith Liath NN6916, Allt na Cachaileith NN9561
cadha nm cadhan pl | narrow pass, narrow ravine | An Cadha NC2350, Cadha Bàn NH0330
caibeal nm caibeil g caibealan pl | chapel | Cnoc a’ Chaibeil NR8642, Coire a’ Chaibeil NO0447
caigeann nm caiginn g caigeannan pl | rough mountain pass, pair, couple, brace | Caigeann Mòr NR6799
cailleach nf cailliche g cailleachan pl | old woman, rock | Cailleach Croigary NB3525, Cnoc nan Cailleach NN0279
càir | see càr
càirn | see càrn | Lochan Càirn Deirg NN0749
caime nf caimean pl | circle, curve, loop | Coire na Caime NG9157, Loch na Caime NR5383
caipleach nf caiplich g | place of horses | Loch na Caiplich NF9055, Caiplich NH5437
cairidh nf cairidhean pl | weir, fish‑pound | Cnoc na Cairidh NC2232, Eilean na Cairidh NF8363
càise nm càisean pl | cheese | Cnoc a’ Chàise NC1743, Creag Chàise NB1909
caise nf | steepness, stream of water | Loch Caise ND0246, Coire na Caise NM7025
caiseal nm caiseil g caisealan pl | alternative form of caisteal | Tom Chaiseil NN7857, Craigcaiseal NS4499
caisteal nm caisteil g caistealan pl | stone wall, stone fort, castle | Na Caistealan NM6856, Allt a’ Chaisteil NC7257
cait | see cat | Lochan a’ Chait NN3962
cala nm cala g calaidhean pl | alternative form of caladh | Cala na Creige NM9680
caladh nm calaidh g calaidhean pl | harbour, port, shore, ferry, bay | Caladh NH5754, Tom Caladh nam Freum NM9977
calaman | alternative form of calman | Allt nan Calaman NR9734
call nm calla g | the act of dropping, loss, damage | Bad a’ Challa NG7971, Caochan a’ Challa NH5533
calltainn nm calltainn(e) g | hazel | Creag a’ Challtainne NN9347, Sgiath Challtainne NN4108
calman nm calmain g | dove | Meall nan Calman NH2806, Uamh nan Calman NM8029
cam adj | crooked | Allt Cam NB2209, Cam Chreag NN5838
camas nm camais g | channel, bay, harbour | Camas a’ Bhàta NG7371, An Camas Aiseig NN0164
cambus | anglicised form of camas | Cambusbeg NN6605, Cambuscairn NX8585
canach nmf canaich g | cotton grass, bog cotton | Lochan na Canaich NM6855, Càrn na Canaich NH0982
caochan nm caochain g caochanan pl | streamlet | Ruigh Caochan Dubh NN9981, Allt Caochan NG9127
caol adj | narrow | Allt Caol NC5258, Àrd Caol NB2301
caolas nm caolais g caolais pl | narrow, strait | Caolas a Deas NB3609, Caolas an Eilein NA9821
caora nf caorach g caoraich, caoirich pl | sheep | Càrn nan Caorach NH1685, Cnoc nan Caorach NB4441
caorann nf caorainn g | rowan tree, mountain ash | Cnoc nan Caorann NR9296, Creag nan Caorann NN3020
capall nm capaill g capaill pl | horse, mare | Stuchdan Capaill NS0478, Uamh Capaill NS0952
càr nm càir g càraichean pl | alternative form of càthar | Càr Choille NC2408, Càr an Daimh NM6483
carach adj | winding | Cnoc Carach NM6547, Eilean Carach NG7614
càrn nm càirn, cùirn g càirn, cùirn pl | heap of stones | Càrn a’ Mhàim NN9995, Càrn a’ Bhainne NH4436
càrnach nm càrnaich g | stony ground, quarry | Càrnach NH0196, Càrnach Biorach NN2000
carraig nf carraige g carraigean pl | rock, fishing rock, promontory, cliff | Na Carraigean NM1556, Sròn na Carraige NS0077
carrick | anglicised form of carraig | Carrick NR9087, Carrickcorie NX1430
cas adj | steep | Allt Cas Leac NN1445, Càrn Cas nan Gabhar NH5280
cat nm cait g cait pl | cat | Allt a’ Chait ND2146, Creag a’ Chait NH5498
cath nm catha g cathan, cathannan pl | battle | Achadh a’ Chatha NH7704, Fèith a’ Chatha NM8683
cathair nf cathrach g cathraichean pl | seat, bench, fortifiedplace | Cathair Mhic Dhiarmaid NM5169, Càrn na Cathrach NH3326
càthar nm càthair g | mossy soft boggy ground | Càthar an Fhèidh NN4076, Càthar na Seilge NN1768
cathrach, cathraichean | see cathair | Loch na Cathrach Duibhe NG8990
ceann nm cinn g cinn pl | head, headland, point, top | Ceann a’ Bhàigh NG2196, Ceann Buidhe NR9397
ceap nm cip g ceapan, ceapannan pl | block | Ceap Liath NM6625, Allt nan Ceap NH2747
ceapach nmf ceapaich g ceapaich pl | tillage plot | Ceapach NN5813, A’ Cheapach NH1785
cearc nf circe g cearcan pl | hen | Bad na Circe NH7277, Rubha nan Cearc NM3125
cearcall nm cearcaill g cearcaill, cearcallan pl | circle, hoop | An Cearcall NL5987, Cearcall Dubh NG8541
ceàrd nm ceàird g ceàrdan pl | craftsman, smith | Bruach nan Ceàrd NR7786, Cnoc nan Ceàrd NH4031
ceàrdach nf ceàrdaich g ceàrdaichean pl | smithy, forge | Càrn na Ceàrdaich NC3809, Coille na Ceàrdaich NH3629
ceathach nm ceathaich g ceathaich pl | mist | Coire Cheathaich ND0329, Allt Cheathaich NN4034
ceathramh nm ceathraimh g ceathramhan pl | quarter | Cnoc a’ Cheathraimh NC7608, Meall a’ Cheathraimh NN5779
ch‑ | A word starting ch is often a lenited form of a word starting c
cìche | see cìoch | Allt na Cìche NH1216
cill nf cille g cillean, cilltean pl | church, burial place | Cille Maire NG5517, Cnoc na Cille NG1951
cinn | see ceann | Sgeir Mhaola Cinn NR8772
cìoch nf cìche g cìochan pl | nipple, pap | Cìoch Mhòr NH4486, Coire na Cìche NH4784
cip | see ceap
circe | see cearc | Bealach Coire na Circe NG4427
cìrean nm cìrein g cìreanan pl | comb, honey‑comb, sheep | Cìrean Geardail NC0034, An Cìrean NC0333
ciste nf | grave, chest | Ciste Mearad NJ0104, Ciste Dhubh NH0616
clach nf cloiche g clachan pl | stone | Clach na Sròine NC2533, Clach an Rìgh NC6839
clachan nm clachain g | village | Clachan Àrd NB2246, Clachan a’ Ghobha NB5141
cladach nm cladaich g cladaichean pl | shore, beach, coast | Cladach a’ Ghlinne NG5116, Cladach Mòr NF7173
claddach | anglicised form of cladach | Garry‑claddach NF8161, Claddach NR1653
cladh nm claidh, cladha g cladhan pl | burial‑ground, mound, dyke | Cladh nan Sasunnach NH0066, Cladh Mhicheil NB5447
claidheamh nm claidheimh g claidhnean pl | sword | Sgùrr a’ Chlaidheimh NG9503, Beinn a’ Chlaidheimh NH0577
claigeann nm claiginn g claignean pl | skull, head | Claigeann Mòr NF0899
claigionn | non‑standard form of claigeann | An Claigionn NH5278, Claigionn na Sròine NN1281
clàir | see clàr | Loch a’ Chlàir NL9844
clais nf claise g claisean pl | narrow valley or hollow, ditch | Clais Daimh NN8974, Clais Odhar NO0374
clamhan nm clamhain g clamhain pl | buzzard, kite | Creag a’ Chlamhain NH3294, Bad a’ Chlamhain ND1849
claon adj | sloping, awry | Claonairigh NN0504, Claon Leitir NH1100
clàr nm clàir g clàran pl | flat stretch of ground, any smooth surface | Clàr Beag NB1115, Doire nan Clàr NH2905
clèireach nm clèirich g clèirich pl | cleric | Allt a’ Chlèirich NH0022, Cruach ClèirichNR9097
cleit, cleite nf cleite g cleitean, cleiteachan pl | rock, cliff | Cleit Ruadh ND1730, Cleite Loisgte NF9876
cloiche | see clach | Fas na Cloiche NN0248
cluain nf cluaine g cluaintean, cluainean pl | meadow, lawn | Allt Cluain‑àirighe NG7505, Na Cluainean NN1988
cnàmh nm cnàimh g cnàmhan pl | bone | Coire nan Cnàmh NG9705, Loch nan Cnàmh NB4027
cnap nm cnaip g cnapan pl | hillock, lump, little hill | An Cnap NG7526, Cnapan Garbh NN9886
cnoc nm cnuic g cnuic pl | round hill, hillock, knoll | Cnoc an Tairbh NB5348, Cnoc Drochaid NM6892
còig num | five | Innean Còig Cailleichean NR5912
coileach nm coilich g coilich pl | cock | Cnoc nan Coileach NR6999, An Coileach NG0892
coille nf coilltean pl | wood, forest, grove | Coille NR2468, Sròn Dà Choille NN2435
coin | see cù | Allt Toll a’ Choin NH1443
coinean nm coinein g coineanan pl | rabbiti | Loch nan Coinean NC6746, Eilean nan Coinean NR7796
còinneach nf còinnich g | moss | Còinneach Mhòr NG9460
coirce nm | oats | Druim a’ Choirce NM4788, Achadh a’ Choirce NC6805
coire nm coireachan pl | corrie, hollow on the side of a hill or between hills (literally ’cauldron’) | Coire Glas NR9047, Allt Choire Odhair NJ0526
còis | see còs | Allt a’ Chòis NG7838
comar nm comair g comaran pl | confluence of streams | Abhainn a’ Chomair NH1557, Allt a’ Chomair NH2157
con | see cù | Coire nan Con NH4386, Meall nan Con NC5829
conasg nm conaisg g | gorse | An Conasg NH4579, Cnoc a’ Chonaisg NH3856
conasgach adj | covered in gorse | Creagan Conasgach NR9672, Bealach Conasgach NN5402
còrr nm | horn, corner, end | Còrr Bhàn NR6010, Còrr Bheinn NM9708
corr, corra adj | pointed | Corra‑Bheinn NM5732
corra nf | heron, crane | Rubha nan Corra NM7468, Sgeir Poll nan Corra NM7107
corrach adj | steep, eminent, lofty | Corrach Bheinn NM9321, Caisteal Corrach NN6412
corran nm corrain g corrain pl | sickle, headland | An Corran NH5972, Corran Bàn NF7010
còs nm còis g còsan pl | nook | Eas a’ Chòis NN1436, Sgòrr a’ Chòise NN0855
crainn | see crann | Àird a’ Chrainn NM4118
craisg | see crasg | Beinn a’ Chraisg NC2359
crann nm crainn, croinn g crainn, croinn pl | tree, mast, plough | Creag a’ Chroinn NL6597, Sloc a’ Chroinn NR4098
crannag nf crannaig g crannagan pl | artificial island | Eas a’ Chrannaig NS0225, Crannag NF7004
craobh nf craoibhe g craobhan pl | tree | Leac nan Craobh NG5720, Bac na Craoibhe NJ1013
craobhach adj | covered in wood | Creag Chraobhach NC6227
crasg nf craisg g crasgan pl | crossing | An Crasg NH0890, Cnoc na Craisg NH6156
creachann nm creachainn g creachannan pl | bare, wind‑swept summit | Sgeir nan Creachann NF8854
creag nf creige g creagan pl | crag, rock, cliff | Creag Chàise NB1909, Coire na Creige NC1721
creagach adj | rocky | Toll Creagach NH1513, Cnoc Creagach NH4460
creamh nm creamha g | wild garlic, gentian, leek | Allt Creamha NN4737, Creag Creamha NR7935
creige | see creag | Carn na Creige NG8832
crìoch nf crìche g crìochan pl | boundary | Creag na Crìche NC9151, Allt na Crìche NC9150
critheann nm crithinn g | aspen tree | Allt Crithinn NC7522, Lùb Craobh Crithinn NN3947
crò nm crotha, crothadh g cròitean pl | sheep pen, fold, circle | Camas na Cròtha NB0320, Cnoc na Cròtha NB3529
cròcach adj | branched, antlered | Allt Cròcach NH5388, Loch Cròcach NC6459
crodh nm cruidh g | cattle | Meall a’ Chruidh NB0117, Port a’ Chruidh NR9258
croich nf croiche g croichean pl | gallows | Rubha na Croiche NN0062, Càrn na Croiche NH6572
croinn | see crann | Rubha Croinn NM7838
crois nf croise g croisean pl | cross | An Crois‑eilean NF7964, Allt na Croise NM9679
croit nf croite g croitean pl | croft, hump | Càrn na Croite NH8431, Croit Darach NR5370
cròitean | see crò
crom adj | crooked | Crom Allt NC2406, Crom Leitir NJ2610
crotha, crothadh | see crò | Allt Gleann Crotha NN5020
cruach nf cruaiche g cruachan pl | heap, stack, bold hill | Cruach NN3316, Cruach a’ Chaise NS1891
crùbach nm crùbaich g | lame man | Cnoc a’ Chrùbaich Mhòir NC8716
cruidh | see crodh | Meall Cruidh NN1241
crùn nm crùin g crùintean pl | crown | Cnoc Crùn na Maoil NR4148, Crùn a’ Bhràghad NG2856
cù nm coin g coin, con (g) pl | dog | Coire nan Con NH4386, Meall nan Con NC5829
cuach nf cuaich g cuachan pl | hollow of a hill, cockle | Allt a’ Chuaich NJ1033, Meall Chuaich NN7187
cuan nm cuain g cuantan pl | sea, ocean, large lake | Cuan Mòr NM4157, Sgeir a’ Chuain NG2158
cuidhe nf cuidhe g | fold, pen, enclosure | Cuidhe Chrom NN4324, Lochan na Cuidhe NH2831
cùil nf cùile g cùiltean pl | nook, corner, niche | Cùil a’ Mhadaidh ND0448, Cùil a’ Mhuic NM8091
cùil | see cùl | Rubha Cùil NM7308
cuilc nf cuilce g cuilcean pl | reed | Glac nan Cuilc NG8090, Leac na Cuilce NG7977
cuileann nm cuilinn g | holly | Torran Cuilinn NH0155, Rubha Cuilinn NM9105
cùiltean | see cùl and cùil | Na Cùiltean NR5464
cuing nf cuinge g cuingean pl | narrow strait | Creag na Cuinge ND0819, Cuing‑sgeir NR3968
cùirn see | càrn | Cùirn Dearga NH0091
cuithe nf cuitheachan pl | pit, narrow glen, deep moist place, patch of snow | Cuithe Lachlainn NF7974, Loch na Cuith Moire NF7323
cùl nm cùil g cùiltean pl | back | Port Cùl a’ Mhill NM3924, Spot a’ Chùil ND0526
cumha(i)ng nm cumhaing g | narrow place, defile | Cumhang a’ Ghlinne NG8640, Allt a’ Chumhaing NG8039
cumhang adj | narrow | Allt Cumhang NN3533, Bealach Cumhang NG5045
cumhann adj | alternative form of cumhang | Feadan Cumhann NM6523, Rubha Cumhann NM7068
cumhann nm cumhainn g | alternative form of cumha(i)ng | Allt a’ Chumhainn NN1962, Loch a’ Chumhainn NM4152
curach nf curaich g curaichean pl | marsh, fen, bog | Gleann Curachain NH4308, Port na Curaich NM2621
dà num | two | Meall Dà Chloich NN7962
dabhach nf dabhaich g dabhcha, dabhaichean pl | vat, large tub; land division, davoch (ancient Scottish land measurement) | Loch an DabhaichNN7296, Cnoc Dabhaich NC0723
dail nf dalach g dailean pl | haugh, level field by a river | Dail an Eais NM9964, Dail an Òir NN1625
dal | anglicised form of dail | Dal MoreNH6568, Dalbreck NC7415
damh nm daimh g daimh pl | ox, stag | Creag an Daimh NC9058, Dùn Daimh NN4863
daoine | see duine | Lochan nan Daoine NM4443
darach nm daraich g | oak | Tòrr an Daraich NN0376, Coire Daraich NG4529
darroch | anglicised form of darach | Knockdarroch NN9655, Tordarroch NH6733
dearcag nf dearcaig g dearcagan pl | berry | Tòrr nan Dearcag ND0856, Allt Dearcaige NJ1113
dearg adj | red | Allt Dearg NH6580, Bealach Dearg NH2243
deas adj | south | Croic a Deas NF7129, Gleann Deas NR2169
derry | anglicised form of doire | Glen Derry NO0396, Loch Derry NX2573
dh‑ | A word starting dh is often a lenited form of a word starting d
dìg nf dìge g dìgean pl | ditch, wall of loose stones | Allt na Dìge Moire NC3144, Dìg Ghorm NR8764
dìollaid nf dìollaide g dìollaidean pl | saddle | An Dìollaid NO0797, Bealach na Dìollaide NS2297
dìseart nm | hermit’s retreat | Port an Dìseart NM2924, Cladh an Dìseart NM2824
dìthreabh nf dìthreibh g dìthreabhan pl | wilderness, the less cultivated parts of a district | Loch Dìthreabh na Cuileige NG7741
dòbhran nm dòbhrain g dòbhrain pl | otter | Cnap an Dòbhrain NJ0806, Tòrr an Dòbhrain NR3343
doire nmf doirean, doireachan pl | grove, thicket | Sròn Doire NR8378, Toll Doire NM5641
dòirlinn nf dòirlinne g dòirlinnean pl | isthmus, peninsula, stony part of the shore | An Dòirlinn NF7317, Tòrr na Dòirlinne NM6058
domhain | alternative form of domhainn | Camas Domhain NG8307, Gleann Domhain NM8610
domhainn adj | deep, hollow | Allt Domhainn NH6180, Chlais Domhainn NC1860
donn adj | brown | Lochan Donn NM7188, Maol Donn NM7431
dorch adj | dark, black, dusky, mysterious | Rèidh Dorch NJ1715, Glendorch NS8718
dorcha | alternative form of dorch | Ruigh Dorcha NN9273, Slochd Dorcha NM4771
dòrn nm dùirn g dùirn pl | fist, fist‑sized pebble | Dùn Dùirn NR6907, Uamh Gill’an Dùirn NM6901
drim | anglicised form of druim | Drimbuie NN0322, Drimlee NN1416
dris nf drise g drisean pl | bramble | Allt Doire na Drise NM6283, Beinn na Drise NM4742
driseach adj | covered in brambles | Rubha Driseach NR9896, Torran Driseach NM5652
drochaid nf drochaide g drochaidean pl | bridge | Càrn na Drochaide NO1293, Drochaid a’ Chadha NG8640
droigheann nm droighinn g | bramble, blackthorn | Port nan Droigheann NM4419, Lagan Droigheann NR7148
droma, dromannan | see druim | Sròn an Droma NM7600
druid nm druidean pl | starling | Tòrr nan Druidean NM9779, Cnoc Druidean NM2723
druim nm droma g dromannan pl | ridge | Ploc an Droma NG8186
drum | anglicised form of druim | Drumbain NJ2749, Drumbeg NC1232
dubh adj | black | Poll Dubh NH4061, Rubha Dubh NC8068
duine nm duine g daoine pl | man, person, people | Leac an Duine NN1106, Sloc nan Daoine NF8315
dùirn | see dòrn | Dùn Dùirn NR6907, Uamh Gill’an Dùirn NM6901
dùn nm dùin g dùin pl | fortress, castle, heap | An Dùn NC8566, Dùn a’ Bhealaich NR7376
each nm eich g eich pl | horse | Mòine nan Each NN5013, Rubha nan Each NB0320
eadar pr | between | Cnoc Eadar Dà Bheinn NB1402, Ùidh Eadar Dà Loch NC2749
eag nf eige g eagan pl | notch, gap | Druim na h‑Eige NB4257, Sgùrr na h‑Eige NH0527
eagach adj | jagged | Aonach Eagach NN1558
eaglais nf eaglaise g eaglaisean pl | church | Allt na h‑Eaglaise NC8659, Beinn na h‑Eaglaise NG9052
eala nf eala, ealaidh g ealachan pl | swan | Loch nan Ealachan NC6751
ear adj | east | Tràigh Ear NF8276, Cathadail an Ear NB0910
earb nf earba g earbaichean pl | roe | Lòn nan Earb NG4168, Rubha na h‑Earba NM9155
earrann nf earrainn g earrannan pl | share, portion, section of land | Cnoc nan Earrannan NR5164, Dubh Earrainn NR7458
eas nm easa g easan pl | waterfall, cataract | Allt an Eas Mhòir NO1599, Eas a’ Bhàinne NH2703
easg nmf easga g easgan pl | marsh, swamp, ditch formed by nature | An t‑Easg Leathain NN8069
eich | see each | Allt an Eich Dhuibh NH4112
eidheann nf eidhne g | ivy | Creag na h‑Eidhne NM5539, Badan Eidhne NM9114
eige | see eag | Bealach na h‑Eige NH1327
èilde, èildean | see eilid
eileach nm eilich g eilichean pl | stony place, mill lade, mill dam, mound, islet | Eileach an Naoimh NM6309, An t‑Eileach NN6496
èileag nf èileige g èileagan pl | deer‑trap | Loch Èileag NC3006, Allt Èileag NC3007
eilean nm eilein g eileanan pl | island | Eilean a’ Bhàta NG8034, Eilean a’ Chait NG8034
eilich, eilichean | see eileach | Loch an Eilich NG9991
eilid nf èilde g èildean pl | hind, female of the red deer | Beinn Èilde NN5685, Camas na h‑Èilde NM7084
eldrick, eldrig | anglicised forms of èileag | Black Eldrick NX7354, High Eldrig NX2569
ellan | anglicised form of eilean | Ellanmore ND2337, Ellangowan NX9874
elrick | anglicised form of èileag | Little Elrick NJ9244, Drumelrick Hill NJ5518
eòin | see eun | Loch an Eòin NC7014
eòrna nm | barley | Eilean an Eòrna NC4401, Aonan an Eòrna NR3776
eun nm eòin g eòin pl | bird, fowl | Loch nan Eun NC9254, Coire nan Eun NH2047
fada adj | long | Allt Fada NC7551, Bogha Fada NM2154
fadhail nf fadhail, fadhlach g fadhlaichean pl | extensive beach, tidal ford | Fadhail Losgaintir NG0698, Fadhail Sheileboist NG0697
faing nf fainge g faingean pl | sheep pen, fank | Tom na Faing NB4248, Tràigh na Fainge NB4636
faire nf fairean pl | watch, lookout | Beinn na Faire NR6017, Allt na Faire NH3489
fàl nm fàil g fàil pl | hedge, fence, fold | Sgeir Fàil NB1137, Allt Àirigh Fàil NB2225
fàil | see fàl
fang nf | alternative form of faing | Fang Bhuidhe NN2142, Fang nan Each NG1553
faodhail nf faodhalach g faodhalaichean pl | alternative form of fadhail | Faodhail Dhubh NM6471, Allt na Faodhalach NS1493
faoileag nf faoileige g faoileagan pl | sea gull | Eilean na Faoileige NH2903, Loch na Faoileige NC2119
faoileann nf faoilinn g faoileannan pl | alternative form of faoileag | Loch na Faoilinn NF8051, Port na Faoilinn NM7430
fas nm | non‑standard form of fasadh | Fas na Cloiche NN0248
fàsach nmf fàsaich g fàsaichean pl | wilderness, mountain, hill edge, border | Fàsach NG1849, Rubha nam Fàsaichean NM7290
fasadh nm fasaidh g | stance, station, level spot | Fasadh an Fhamhair NM7870
fasgadh nm fasgaidh g fasgadhean pl | shelter, fold, pen‑fold for cattle | Am Fasgadh NN0169, Tigh Fasgaidh NG8727
feadag nf feadaige g feadagan pl | flute, whistle, plover | Bàgh nam Feadag NF8757, Cnoc na Feadaige ND0769
feadan nm feadain g feadanan pl | reed, canal, opening, streamlet | Allt Feadain Bhàin NN2054, Bealach an Fheadain NG8132
feannag nf feannaige g feannag pl | crow, lazy bed | Rubha nam Feannag NM4199, Druim nam Feannag NH2997
fear nm fir g fir pl | man | Blàr nam Fear Mòra NC1425, Fear an Fhèilidh NM6020
fearann nm fearainn g | land, estate, farm, earth | Fearann Làimhrige NM4196, Fearann‑Coille NS1674
feàrna nf | alder tree | Rubha Feàrna NM9977, Allt Feàrna NC7532
fèidh | see fiadh | Eilean Ceann Fèidh NM7284
fèith nf fèithe g fèithichean pl | bog, underground stream, bog channel | Allt na Fèithe Baine NH0759, Bealach na Fèithe NC3741
feòir | see feur | Eilean Feòir NM5338
fern | anglicised form offeàrna | Ardfern NM8004, Bogfern NJ7758, Drimfern NN0814
feur nm feòir g | grass, hay | Sgeir an Fheòir NG8037, Creag an Fheòir NH2411
feusag nf feusaig g feusagan pl | beard | Creag Feusag NH2133, Glac na Feusaige NN1339
fh‑ | A word starting fh is often a lenited form of a word starting f
fiacail nf fiacla g fiaclan pl | tooth | Càrn nam Fiaclan NH1245, Fiaclan Garbha NN2494
fiaclach adj | serrated, tooth‑shaped | Àth Fiaclach NM8316, Druim Fiaclach NM8078
fiadh nm fèidh g fèidh pl | deer | Eilean an Fhèidh NH0596, Creag an Fhèidh NN3218
fin | anglicised form of fionn | Fincraigs NO3622, Fingask NO3918
fiodhag nf fiodhaige g fiodhagan pl | bird‑cherry, wild fig | Allt nam Fiodhag NH3223, Loch nam Fiodhag NH3123
fionn adj | white, fair, blessed, holy | Craigfionn NX4593, Fionn Phort NM7533
fir | see fear | Fir Bhreugach NG4470
fireach nm firich g firichean pl | high barren ground, mountain, moor | Fireach na Mòine NN2326, Am Fireach NH0978
fitheach nm fithich g fithich pl | raven | Creag an Fhithich NC2553, Cnoc an Fhithich NC9758
fliuch adj | wet | Fliuch Choire NH2372, Eas Fliuch Leirg NN2830
fo dheas adj | non‑standard form of bho dheas | Cas fo Dheas NF8231
fo thuath adj | non‑standard form of bho thuath | Tràigh Baile fo Thuath NF9087
fraoch nm fraoich g | heather | Àird an Fhraoich NF7270, Coire an Fhraoich NH0474
frith adj | small | An Fhrith Aìrd NG8303
frìth nf frìthe g frìthean pl | deer forest, heath, moor | Abhainn na Frìthe NC8327, Srath na Frìthe NC8327
fuar adj | cold, chilly | Fuar Achadh NR9148, Allt Fuar NJ1420
fuaran nm fuarain g fuarain, fuaranan pl | well spring, green spot | Fuaran Mòr NC4640, Cnoc Fuarain ND1134
gabhar nf gabhair g gaibhre pl | alternative form of gobhar | Stob Gaibhre NN0646, Eilean nan Gabhar NM6157
gaimhne | see gamhainn | Allt Fèith nan Gaimhne NH2159
gaineamhach adj | sandy | Meall Gaineamhach NG6949, Lochan Gaineamhach NH0945
gainneamh, gainmheach nf gainneimh, gainmhich g | sand, gravel, sea‑shore | Gaineamh Mhòr NG8075, Loch na Gaineimh NC7630
gairt | see gart
Gall nm goill g goill pl | foreigner, lowlander, stone | Clach nan Gall NH7282, Rubha nan Gall NB4738
gamhainn nf gaimhne, gamhna g gaimhne, gamhna pl | stirk (a nickname for a resident of the Isle of Gigha) | Loch nan Gamhna NC6458, Fèith Gamhna ND0157
gaoth nf gaoithe g gaothan pl | wind | Bealach Gaoithe NH2456, Creag na Gaoithe NH1241
gaothach adj | windy | Cnoc Gaothach NR8495, Bealach Gaothach NM9033
gàradh | non‑standard form of gàrradh | Allt a’ Gàraidh NG1747, Rubha Gàraidh NH3100
garbh adj | rough, coarse | Allt Garbh NC2759, Garbh Choire NC3019
gàrradh nm gàrradh g gàrraidhean pl | den, dyke, enclosure | An Gàrradh NM6020, Cnap nan Gàrradh NN3412
gart nm gairt g | field, enclosed corn‑land | Sean‑Ghairt NR3867, Lùb Gairt Bhig NN3044
gead nf gid g geadan pl | rig, narrow strip of land, lazy‑bed | Gead a’ Bhodaich NM6556, Gead Dhubh NG8284
gèadh nmf geòidh g geòidh pl | goose | Loch nan Geòidh NR1852, Creagan Geòidh NN1327
geal adj ghil g | white, clear | An Dùn Geal NN7447, Gleann Geal NM7250
geàrr adj | short | Geàrr Aonach NN1555
geàrraidh nm geàrraidhean pl | land around a township, enclosure | Geàrraidh a Deas NB4748, Geàrraidh Amadal NB4657
geata nm geataichean, geatachan pl | gate | Geata Gleann Goibhre NH4347, Geata Dearg NN6995
geo | anglicised form of geodha | Geo Bhàta NF7345
geodha nm geodhachan, geodhaichean pl | chasm, ravine | Geodha an Fhaing NF7274, Geodha Bàn NC3871
geòidh | see gèadh | Loch Geòidh NM9503
gh‑ | A word starting gh is often a lenited form of a word starting g
ghil adj | see geal | Loch an Easa Ghil NB2025, Allt Lòin Ghil ND1035
ghlais adj | see glas | Allt a’ Choire Ghlais NN5265, Coire an Eich Ghlais NH1278
gid | see gead
gil nf gile g gilean pl | ravine, water course | Gil Ha‑cleit NG0287, Gil Dhubh NG1294
gille nm gillean pl | boy, lad | Loch nan Gillean NH6892, Coire nan Gillean NH5977
giubhas nm | alternative form of giuthas | Sròn nan Giubhas NN2446, Rubha Giubhais NH1099
giuthas nm giuthais g | fir | Lòn Giuthas nan Leac NH4889
glac nf glaic(e) g glacan pl | hollow, small valley | Glac Bhàn NH0197, Glac Chrom NR8066
glack | anglicised form of glac | Glackmore NH6051, Glackmuick NJ3642
glaise adj | see glas | Allt Creige Glaise NS0885, Lochan na Bà Glaise NM7188
glas adj ghlais (m) glaise (f) g | grey, green | Coire Glas NC6927, Dùn Glas ND0617
gleann nm glinn g glinn, gleanntan pl | narrow valley, dale, glen | An Gleann NM7106, Allt a’ Ghlinne NH5390
glen | anglicised form of gleann | Inverglen NN0901, Glen Albyn NH6138
glinn | see gleann | Mullach a’ Ghlinne NH3601
glumag nf glumaig g glumagan pl | puddle, deep hole or pool | Allt na Glaic Glumag NG7023
gob nm guib g guib pl | point, beak | Gob na Hoe NG1954, Gob an Tùir NG8827
gobha nm gobhann, gobhainn g goibhnean pl | blacksmith | Uamh nan Goibhnean NR2742, Maol Baile a’ Ghobhain NG7978
gobhar nmf gobhair, goibhre g gobhair, goibhrean pl | goat | Allt na Goibhre NH1473, Meall nan Gobhar NC1903
gòbhlach adj | forked | Cadha Gòbhlach NH0682, Lochan Gòbhlach NH4274
goibhnean | see gobha
goibhre, goibhrean | see gobhar | Sròn na Goibhre NH1372
Goill | see Gall | Biod a’ Ghoill NG2759
goirtean nm goirtein g goirteanan pl | field, arable enclosure, arable land, park | Loch nan Goirtean NB2444, Goirtean Bàn NR3460
gorm adj | green, blue, azure | Poll Gorm NB3221, Coire Gorm NC3628
gowan | anglicised form of gobha | Tirrygowan NJ6711, Balnagowan NJ5100, Ardgowan NS2073
gower | anglicised form of gobhar | Auchengower NS2184, Bargower NS4732
grànda adj | ugly, nasty, grim | Camas Grànda NG7270, Allt Grànda NH1170
grian nf grèine g grianan pl | sun | Allt na Grèine NH4295, Rubha na Grèine NB5633
grianan nm grianain g | sunny hillock | Rubha Grianain NR7486, Eilean Grianain NR8142
gualann nf gualainn, guailne g guailnean, guaillean pl | shoulder of a hill, elbow, corner | Gualann nan Càrn NR7169, A’ Ghualann NC8367
guib | see gob | Loch a’ Ghuib Àird NC1823
gun pr | without | Loch gun Tòin NH5350, Aodann gun Nighe NM4335
iar adj | west, westerly | Tràigh Iar NG0396, Ceann Iar NF6162
iasgair nm iasgair g iasgairean pl | fisherman | An t‑Iasgair NG3574, Loch an Iasgair NF7430
ìghne | see nighean
imir nm imire g imirean pl | rig, ridge of land | Imir Crom NN2433, Imir Fada NC2922
imrich nf imriche g imrichean pl | removal, flitting | Guala na h‑Imrich NF7969, Bealach na h‑Imrich NC3650
inbhir nm inbhirean pl | place of meeting of rivers, confluence | An t‑Inbhir NN4048, Meall InbhirNN0736
inch | anglicised form of innis | Inchmore NH3940, Inchnacaorach NH8449
inghinn | see nighean | Fuaran na h‑Inghinn NN7454, Loch na h‑Inghinn NB3524
innean nm innein g inneanan pl | anvil, anvil‑shaped hill | An t‑Innean Mòr NN1856, Achlais an Innein NM9164
innis nf ìnnse g ìnnsean, ìnnseachan pl | island, meadow, resting place for cattle | Innisdaimh NN4635, Cnoc na h‑Ìnnse NC9847
inver | anglicised form of inbhir | Inverfyne NN1912, Inverlochy NJ1324
ìobairt nf ìobairte g ìobairtean pl | offering, church‑land, sacrifice | Clach na h‑Ìobairt NN8765, Tom na h‑Ìobairt NN8865
ìochdar nm ìochdair g ìochdaran pl | lower part | Druim Ìochdair NN5812, Creag Ìochdair NN7328
iola nf iolachan pl | fishing rock, fishing bank, fishing station | Bàrr Iola NR9382, An Iola NN0048
iolair(e) nmf iolaire g iolairean pl | eagle | Tom na h‑Iolaire NC9221, Creag na h‑Iolaire NC7846
iomair nm iomaire g iomairean pl | alternative form of imir | Lùib Iomaire Mhòir NN0705, Allt nan Iomairean NM5950
ìosal adj | low | Tom Ìosal NB2629, Cnoc Dubh Ìosal NB3223
iubhar nm iubhair g iubharan pl | yew | Leac an Iubhair NM9971, Meall an Iubhair NS2094
ken, kin | anglicised form of ceann | Kenknock NN4636
kil | anglicised form of cill | Kilmany NO3821, Kilbride NR8362
kil | anglicised form of coille
kil | anglicised form of ceann | Kilmux NO3604
killie | anglicised form of coille | Killiecrankie NN9162
kin | anglicised form of ceann | Kincraig NH8205, Kinlochmoidart NM7172
knab | anglicised form of cnap | The Knab HU4840, Horse of the Knab HU4840
knock | anglicised form of cnoc | Knock Dhu NH8380, Knock Fell NX2555
kyles | anglicised form of caolas | Kylesmore NM6674, Claddach‑kyles NF7666
labhar adj | loud | Alltan Labhar NG8157, Easan Labhar NM5341
lach nf lacha g lachan pl | wild duck
ladhar nm ladhair, ladhra g ladhran pl | paw, hoof | Ladhar Bheinn NG8203
lag nmf laig, luig g lagan pl | hollow, pit, cave | Lag a’ Bhàinne NM9706, Lag a’ ChoireNM4664
laimrig, làimhrig nf laimrige g laimrigean pl | natural landing‑place, quay, harbour | Rubha Làimhrige NR5366, Sròn Làimhrige NM4787
lainn | see lann
làir, làire nf làiridh, làire(adh), làrach g làiridhean pl | mare | Coire na Làire NM9066, Lag na Làire NG2394
làirig nf làirigean pl | moor, hill, sloping hill, pass | Lochan Làirig NN8041, Lochan na Làirige NN5939
lann nf lainn g lannan pl | enclosure, land | Lann Bhreac NN6359, Lann Mhòr NN5292
laogh nm laoigh g laoigh, laoghan pl | calf | Beul an Laoigh NG9936, Càrn Allt Laoigh NH9231
làrach nf làraich g làraichean pl | site of a building, ruin | Glac na Làraiche NN0166, Lag na Làraich NB3143
làrach | see làir | Loch na Làrach NG7243
leaba, leabaidh nf leapa g leapannan pl | bed, lair, channel of a river | Leabaidh Fhèidh NC3002, Leabaidh a’ Mhinisteir NB4929
leac nf lic, lice g leacan pl | ledge of a rock, flat stone, slab | Leac a’ Bhàinne NM9078, Coire na Lice NN8357
leacach nf leacaich g leacaichean pl | bare summit, stony side of a hill | Leacach NC3165, Leacach Bhreac NR9025
leacach adj | stony | Lochan Leacach NC6857, Coire LeacachNC5352
leamhan nm leamhain g leamhan pl | elm | Loch na Leamhain NB2434, BeinnLeamhain NM9562
lèana nf lèanan g lèanachan pl | swampy plain, meadow, field of green | Lèana an Fheòir NG0689, Lèana Bhàn NB4956
lèanag nf lèanaig g lèanagan pl | wet plain or lea | Lèanag Mòr a’ Bhàird ND0753
leapa, leapannan | see leaba
learg nf leirg g leargan pl | plain, hillside | Learg an Lochain NN4015, Loch na Leirg NG8890
leathad nm leathaid, leothaid g leathaidean, leòidean pl | side of a hill, slope | Leathad a’ Ghlinne NF0899, Leathad an Droma NB2638
leathan(n) adj | broad | Loch Leathann NB3816, Leathan Dhail NN6510
leck | anglicised form of leac | AuchinleckNS5521, Achleck NM4145
lèig nf lèige g lèigean pl | marshy or miry pool, shallow stream | Druim na Lèige NB2126, Druim Lèig a’ Bhainne NB2339
lèim | see leum | Rubha na Lèim NM8246
leirg | see learg | Loch na Leirg NG8890
lèith, lèithe | see liath | Allt na Doire Lèithe NG8991
leitir nf leitire, leitreach g leitirean, leitrichean pl | slope, side of a hill | Dubh Leitir NC1734, Garbh Leitir NM7000
lèoidean | see leathad
leothaid | see leathad | Fèith an Leothaid NH0358
leth nm | half; with one steep side (as in Leth‑Allt ’burn with one steep side’) | Leth‑Sgeir NR7389, Leth‑Allt NH2299
letter | anglicised form of leitir | Duiletter NN1530, Gairletter NS1884
leum nm lèim g leuman pl | leap | Leum an Fhèidh NC0801, Leum Chaimbeulaich NS2094
lianag | non‑standard form of lèanag | Lianag Mhòr NC2106, Lianag na h‑Àtha NG7574
liath adj lèith(e) g | grey, blue | Loch Liath NH3319, Allt na Doire Lèithe NG8991
lic, lice | see leac | Coire na Lice NN8357
lìn | see lìon
linn, linne nf linne g linneachan, linntean pl | pool, pond, lake, mill‑dam, channel | Loch na Linne NB3330, Allt na Linne NN0967
lìon nm lìn g lìontan pl | flax | Eilean nan Lìon NF9270, Cnoc nan Lìon NB1323
lios nmf lise, liosa g liosan pl | enclosure, garden, fortified place | Seann Lios NH5442
lise | see lios
loch nm locha g lochan pl | lake, arm of the sea | Loch a Tuath NB1120, Loch Beag NC8863
lochan nm lochain g lochain pl | small loch or lake | Lochan a’ Bhàigh NM2563, Lochan Buidhe ND0369
lòin, lòintean | see lòn | Lochan Dubh Cùl an Lòin ND0552
loisgte adj | burnt | Lochan Loisgte NM6264, Mòine Loisgte NR7661
lòn nm lòin g lòintean pl | marsh, morass, pool,meadow | Lòn a’ Chlèirich NG2650, Bad an Lòin NO1270
long nf luinge g longan pl | ship | Bàgh na Luinge NR4345, Camas Luinge NM8677
losgann nm losgainn g losgannan pl | frog, toad | Lag na Losgainn NR4272, Loch Losgainn NH6693
luachar nf luachair, luachrach g | place where rushes grow | Lòn Luachrach NG3522, Maol na Luachrach NM6323
lùb nf lùib g lùban pl | meander, bend | Sgeir Lùb nan Ròn NR6094
lùib nf lùibe g lùibean pl | alternative form of lùb | Lùib Bhàn NC4547, Lùib Luachrach NN2043
luig | see lag | Port an Luig Mhòir NG5212
luinge | see long | Port Bàta na Luinge NM4141
mac nm mhic g | son | Coire Mhic Fhearchair NG9460, Mac isMàthair NH0687
machair nmf machrach g machraichean pl | extensive, low‑lying fertile ground | Machair Leathann NF8277, Cruach na Machrach NR8863
madadh nm madaidh g madaidhean pl | dog, wolf, fox | Fèith nam Madadh NN7880, Leac nam Madadh NF9567
magh nmf magha g magaidh pl | plain, field | Magh Torray NB0617, Magh‑cul NN5590
maigheach nf maighiche g maighichean pl | hare | Meall nam Maigheach NM9576, Tom namMaigheach NN5616
maing | see mang
màis | see màs
màm nmf màim g màman pl | breast, large round hill, gap | Màm Mòr NH5742, Allt a’ Mhàim NG9325
manach nm manaich g manaich pl | monk | Allt nam Manach NR7831, Bàrr nam Manach NR9484
mang nf maing g mangan pl | fawn, young hart | Coire nam Mang NC4133
maol nm maoil g maoil pl | bare top, promontory, bare round hill | Càrn Maol NH8645, Cnoc Maol Donn NC9755
mara | see muir | Rubha na Muice Mara NN0377
màs nm màis g màsan pl | buttock, bottom | Màs a’ Chnuic NF9694, Màs an Rubha NB1303
màthair nf màthar g màthraichean pl | mother, source | Mac is Màthair NH0687, Lochan Màthair Eite NN2854
meadhan, meadhon nm meadhain, meadhoin gmeadhanan, meadhonan pl | middle, centre | Meall Meadhoin NC8006, Monadh Meadhoin NM7153
meall nm mill g mill pl | lump, applied to a round hill | Meall Buidhe ND0057
meanbh adj | small | Blàr Meanbh NN1277, Meanbh ChnocanGlen NB0022
meann nm minn g minn pl | kid, young roe‑deer | Rubha nam Meann NR5480, Sgeir nam Meann NC0834
mèinn nf mèinne g mèinnean pl | mine, ore
mèirleach nm mèirlich g mèirlich pl | thief, robber | Cnoc a’ Mhèirlich NG4468
meur nf meòir g meòir pl | finger, branch, applied to small streams | Allt Meur nan Clach NH2144
mh‑ | A word starting mh is often a lenited form of a word starting m
mhic | see mac | Coire Mhic Fhearchair NG9460
mill | see meall | Sròn a’ Mhill NG4843
mìn adj | soft, tender, delicate, smooth | Creag Mhìn NN9047, Mhìn‑choise NN7481
minn | see meann | Loch a’ Mhinn NM8612
mnà | see bean | Allt na Mnà Bàine NH3899, Druim na Mnà NB2332
mòd nm mòid g mòdan pl | court, trial, meeting | Allt a’ Mhòid NC5638, Tom a’ Mhòid NH5320
moil | see mol | Camas Chala Moil NA9923
mòine nf mònadh, mòine g mònach pl | peat, moor | Cnoc na Mòine NC6252, Druim na Mòine NB2031
mòinteach nf mòintich g mòintichean pl | mossy ground, moor | Mòinteach a’ Lòin NB1120, Mòinteach Dhubh NN2179
mol nm moil, mola g molan pl | shingly beach | Mol a’ Chaolais NG2297, Mol a’ Deas NB3202
molach adj | hairy, rough, stormy | Na Lùibean Molach NC2301, Tom Molach NS2196
mona | anglicised form of mòine | Monabuie NN9727
mònach, mònadh | see mòine
monadh nm monaidh g monaidhean pl | mountain, moor, heath | Monadh Beag NN1585, Allt a’ Mhonaidh NG7850
mòr adj | large, great | Monadh Mòr NH5853, Mòr Bheinn NN7121
more | anglicised form of mòr | Ardmore NC2051, Auchmore NK0057
morghan nm morghain g | gravel, shingle, pebbly beach | Loch a’ Mhorghain NB1504, Bàgh Tòb a’ Mhorghain NB1137
muc nf muice g mucan pl | pig | Rubha na Muice Mara NN0377, Allt nam Muc NJ1321
muck | anglicised form of muc | Culnamuck NF6500, Drummuck NS2303
muice | see muc | Coire Gleann na Muice NC3711
muigh | see a‑muigh
muileann nm muilinn g muilnean, muileannan pl | mill | Druim a’ Mhuilinn NM6042, Loch a’ Mhuilinn NC8756
muilt | see mult | Loch a’ Mhuilt Dhuibh NG1392
muir nmf mara g marannan pl | sea | Sloc na Mara NN1982, Taobh na Mara NR7165
mullach nm mullaich g mullaichean pl | top, summit | Am Mullach NO3790, Camas nam Mullach NM6962
mult nm muilt g muilt pl | wether, castrated ram | Bad nam Mult NC1741, Camas nam Mult NG7013
muran nm murain g | sea bent | Creag nam Muran NM7805, Eilean a’ Mhurain NF8754
na, na h‑, nam, nan | forms of definite article “the”
nathair nf nathrach g nathraichean pl | snake, adder | Meall Nathrach NN4475, Allt nan Nathair NC7025
nead nmf nid g nid pl | nest, circular hollow | An Nead NH1031, Coire nan Nead NN4273
nic nf | daughter (abbreviation of nighean mhic) | Loch Nic Dhomhnaill NB4949, Rubha Nic Eamoin NG2404
nighean nf nighinne, ìghne, inghinn g nigheanan pl | daughter, young woman | Tobar nan Nighean NG2757, Allt na h‑Ighine NH2181
òb nm òbain g òbain pl | small bay, harbour | Òb a’ Chlachain NF8243, Òb Dubh NG7458
ochter | anglicised form of uachdar | Ochtertyre NN8323
odhar adj | dun‑coloured, pale, yellow | Sròn a’ Choire Odhair NN2058, Coire Odhar NG7886
oidhche nf oidhche g oidhcheannan pl | night | Bealach na h‑Oidhche NG8314, Loch na h‑Oidhche NH1577
òir | see òr
oitir nf oitire g oitirean pl | sand bank, shallow | Oitir Mhòr NF8157, Oitir Bheag NF8246
òr nm òir g | gold | Sgeir an Òir NC6164, Uamh an Òir NG9795
òrd nm ùird g òrdan, ùird pl | round hill | Beinn Ùird NS3998, Cnoc an Ùird NH5341
òs nm òsa g òsan pl | mouth or outlet of a river | Òs a Muigh NB0333, Òs Uarach NB4252
pàirc nf pàirce g pàircean pl | field, enclosure | A’ Phàirc Loisgte NN4856, Cnoc na Pàirce NG4150
pait nf paite g paitean pl | lump, hump | Pait Fhearchair NG9384, Sgùrr na Paite NM8281
partan nm partain g partanan pl | small edible sea‑crab | Poll nam Partan NM4884, Port nam Partan NM3452
peighinn nf peighinne g peighinnean pl | pennyland (an old Scottish land measurement) | Allt Coire Pheiginn NN7451, Allt na Peighinn NG6217
ph‑ | A word starting ph is often a lenited form of a word starting p
plucan nm plucain g plucanan pl | knot, lump, piece of earth | Pluc Mòr NH7020
pòir | see pòr
poit nf poite g | pot | Coire na Poite NG8145
poll nm puill g puill pl | pool, pit, deep stagnant water, wet meadow | Poll a’ Bhainne NG3656, Poll a’ Choire NB4231
pòr nm pòir g pòran pl | seed, grain, corn, crops | Caochan nam Pòran NH6434
port nm puirt g puirt pl | port, harbour, ferry | Port a’ Bhàta NB0100, Port an Duine NM1752
preas nm pris g preasan, pris pl | shrub, bush, thicket | Preas a’ Chrannaidh NC2809, Preas Caol NC9250
puill | see poll
puirt | see port | Eilean Puirt Lèithe NR6975
raineach nf rainich g | fern | Coire Rainich NH3975, Creag Rainich NB0331
ràmh nm ràimh g ràimh pl | oar | Eilean nan Ràmh NF7619, Loch nan Ràmh NB3229
raon nf raoin g raontan, raointean pl | field | An Raon NG7478, Raon na Ceàrdaich NC0925
ràth nm | fort | Ràth Fhinn NN3098, Allt Ràth a’ Bheulain NM5166
rathad nm rathaid, rothaid g ròidean pl | road, way | Crom‑Rathad NH6090, Bealach an Rathaid NH3848
reamhar adj | fat | Maol Reamhar NS3391, Meall Reamhar NN4622
rèidh nm rèidhean pl | smooth, level ground, plain, meadow | Coire Rèidh NC3220, Leac Rèidh NB3909
rèilig nf rèilige g rèiligean pl | grave, burying place, church | Fèith Rèilig NC5059
rèisg | see riasg
reoch | anglicised form of riabhach | Tynreoch NN7123, Alltreoch NO0956
riabhach adj | brindled, greyish,brown | Srath Riabhach NR6388, Sròn Riabhach NO1675
riasg nm rèisg g | moor, fen | The Riasg ND3138, Tom an Rèisg NJ1515
rìgh nm rìgh g rìghrean pl | king | Càrn an Rìgh NC3757, Clach an Rìgh NC6839
rinn nm rinne g rinnean pl | point, promontory | Rinn a’ Chrubain NR9023, Rinn Dearg NJ2908
rioch | anglicised form of riabhach | Barranrioch NM8929, Dalrioch NR6918
rodh nm rodha g | water‑edge, water mark | Allt Uchd Rodha NH2539, Rubha Rodha NC0523
roid nf roide g roidean pl | bog myrtle | Camas na Roide NG1893
ròidean | see rathad
ròin | see ròn | Loch an Ròin NC1954
roinn nf roinne g roinnean pl | division, share, portion | Gob na Roinne NH0017, Rubha na Roinne NG4200
rois | see ros
ròn nm ròin g ròin pl | seal | Rubha nan Ròn NF8158, Sgeir an Ròin NG6724
ros nm rois g rosan pl | promontory, isthmus, peninsula | Ros a’ Mheallain NG3740
rothaid | see rathad | Loch an Rothaid NG1491
ruadh adj | red, brown | Ruadh Bhealach NN1248, Rubha Ruadh NC4462
rubha nm rubhaichean pl | promontory, headland, point of land | Sean‑Rubha NL9346, Rubha na Lice NM8029
ruighe nmf ruighean pl | hill‑slope, sheiling | Ruighe a’ Ghlaic NN7353, Allt an Ruighe Bhric NM8686, Allt na Ruighe Lèithe NH5176, Ruighean an Daimh NC5852
sabhal nm sabhail g sabhalan pl | barn, granary | Allt an t‑Sabhail NH5291, Cnoc an t‑Sabhail NC5233
sac nm saic g saic, sacan pl | horse load | Cnoc an t‑Saic NH3398, Druim an t‑Saic NN6362
sagart nm sagairt g sagartan pl | priest | Eilean an t‑Sagairt NM9231, Lòn an t‑Sagairt NR7081
saic | see sac | Cnoc an t‑Saic NH3398
saidh nf saidhe g saidhean pl | upright beam, post | Loch Coire na Saidhe NC4436, Sgeir nan Saidhean NM7010
saighead nf saighde g saighdean pl | arrow | Lochan nan Saighead NB1705, Beinn na Saighde NB4236
sàil nf sàl, sàile, sàlach g sàilean, sàiltean pl | heel | Sàil Mhòr NH1768, Sàil Gharbh NC4134
sàilean nm sàilein g sàileanan pl | little inlet, arm of the sea, deep bay | Sàilean Mòr NM5859, Sàilean Ruadh NM9833
sàl, sàlach | see sàil | Loch na Sàlach NH3267
salach adj | dirty | Camas Salach NM6861, Àirigh Shalach NH0666
saobhaidh nf saobhaidh(e) g saobhaidhean pl | animal‑den | Allt na Saobhaidhe ND0335, Caochan na Saobhaidh NJ0609
saor nm saoir g saoir pl | carpenter, wright | Eilean an t‑Saoir NM1455, Lùb an t‑Saoir NM9364
seabhag nmf seabhaig g seabhagan pl | hawk | Creag na Seabhaig NM9515, Allt na Seabhaig NH5315
seachd num | seven | Eilean nan Seachd Seisrichean NM4263
seagal nm seagail g | rye | Cnoc an t‑Seagaill NC2413, Allt an t‑Seagaill NH5473
sealg nf seilg g sealgan pl | hunt, chase | Loch na Seilge NC9258, Srath na Seilge NC7018
seamrag nf seamraig g seamragan pl | trefoil, shamrock | Beinn na Seamraig NG7217, Cnoc na Seamraig NN1621
sean adj | old | Sean‑Àirigh NC9458, Sean‑Allt NJ2014
seangan nm seangain g seangain, seanganan pl | ant | Sgeir an t‑Seangain NM7162, Allt nan Seangan NH5596
seann | alternative form of sean | Monadh Seann‑talaimh NH3001
searrach adj | edge, pointed, sharp | Coireag Searrach NH0031
searrach nm searraich g searraich pl | foal, colt | Cnoc nan Searrach NB2330, Glac nan Searrach NG4551
seasg nf seasga g seisg, seisge pl | bog‑reed | Cnocan Seasg NH9386, Carr Seasg NR7671
seilcheag nf seilcheig g seilcheagan pl | snail | Creag nan Seilcheag NG8300
seileach nm seilich g seileachan pl | willow | Fèith Seileach NG6711, Bad nan Seileach ND1131
seilg | see sealg | Loch na Seilg NC3658
seisg, seisge | see seasg
sgadan nm sgadain g sgadain pl | herring | Glac nan Sgadan NG9407, Port an Sgadain NR7084
sgarbh nm sgairbh g sgairbh pl | cormorant, heron | Rubha nan Sgarbh NB4929
sgeine, sgeinean | see sgian
sgeir nf sgeire g sgeirean pl | sea rook, skerry | Sgeir a’ Choire NR4043, Sgeir nan Sgarbh NB4057
sgian nf sgeine, sgine g sgeinean, sgineachan pl | knife | Sgian Dubh NS0675, Sgurr na Sgine NG9411
sgitheach nm sgithich g | hawthorn | Cnoc nan Sgitheach NS0199, Abhainn Sgitheach NH5162
sgoilte adj | split, cracked | Aonach Sgoilte NG8302, Càrn Sgoilte NB9706
sgòr nm sgòir g sgòran, sgòraichean pl | non‑standard form of sgùrr | Sgòr a’ Chaorainn NH4577, Sgòr an Daimh NN2971
sgòrr | alternative form of sgùrr | Sgòrr a’ Chait NN3406, Sgòrr an Fhithich NN5408
sgùrr nm sgurra g sgurran pl | rocky peak, sharp steep hill | Sgùrr a’ Bhuic NN2070, Sgùrr a’ Chaise NG5702
sh‑ | A word starting sh is often a lenited form of a word starting s
siar | form of iar | Tamana Siar NB0020
sìdh nm | non‑standard form of sìth: (fairy) hill | Sìdh Beag NJ1713, Sìdh Mòr NJ1713
sidhean | non‑standard form of sìthean | Sidhean Mòr ND0556, Sidhean a’ Chlèirich NC1319
sionnach nm sionnaich g sionnaich pl | fox | Allt nan Sionnach NM7692, Coire an t‑Sionnaich NN1760
sìor adj | constant, eternal | Carraig an t‑Sìor Shruith NM2968
sìthean nm sìthein g sìthein pl | fairy knoll, hillock | Allt an t‑Sìthein NG4931, Cnoc nan Sìthean ND0342
sleac | alternative form of leac | Meall nan Sleac NN8694, Sleac Gorm NO2289
sleamhainn adj | slippery, smooth | Leac Shleamhuinn NF7714, Carraig Shleamhuinn NG2149
sliabh nm slèibh g slèibhtean pl | high moorland; purple moor‑grass (Molinia t‑Slèibhe caerulea) | Allt a’ Choire Sliabh NG9170, Càrn an NJ1411
slios nm sliosa g sliosan pl | side, slope | Loch an t‑Slios NB2124, Slios Garbh NG8888
sloc nm sluic g slocan pl | pit, hollow, pool | Sloc an Tairbh NF7200, Tom an t‑Sluic NN1479
slugaid nf slugaide g | quicksand, muddy place, gorge | Allt na Slugaide NB4839, Cnoc na Slugaide NB4739
sluic | see sloc | Lochan an t‑Sluic NN8290
sneachd nm sneachda g | snow | Coire an t‑Sneachda NH1927, Glac an t‑Sneachda NM4923
sobhal | non‑standard form of sabhal | Cnoc an t‑Sobhail NH2438
soc nm suic g | point, snout | Soc Glas NC3272, Soc Mhic Chailein NC1743
spàrdan nm spàrdain g spàrdain, spàrdanan pl | little eminence, hill, short steep slope | An Spàrdan NM6800, Bruthach nan Spàrdan NN7281
speireag nf speireig g speireagan pl | sparrow hawk | Cnoc nan Speireag NG3631, Creagan na Speireig NC4855
sprèidh nf sprèidhe g | cattle | Loch nan Sprèidh NH3893, Lag na Sprèidhe NM5521
sràid nf sràide g sràidean pl | road, street | Sràid Ruadh NL9547, Sràid Stac na Mòine NR2847
srath nm sratha g srathan pl | valley, riverside land | Srath a’ Bhàthaich NG8847, Abhainn an t‑Sratha NB1800
sròn nf sròine g srònan pl | nose, point | Sròn Mhòr NB1429, Sròn a’ Mhill NG4843
sruth nm srutha, sruith g sruthan pl | current, stream | Bun an t‑Sruth NF7366, Oban nan Sruthan NF8874
staca nm staca, staic g stacan, stacannan pl | high cliff or hill, precipice | Ruadh Stac NG5123, Stac nam Bodach NN9770
staigh | see a‑staigh
staimh nm staimh g | sea tangle | Poll an Staimh NG3764
stalla nm stallachan pl | overhanging rock, steep sea rock | Stalla nam Manach NG9170, Stallachan Dubha NM5362
steall nf still g steallan pl | torrent, cataract | Steall a’ Choire NC3728, Steall an Eisg NM8154
stob nm stuib g stoban pl | point, stake | Stob a’ Chaorainn NN4504, Stob a’ Chòin NN4116
strath | anglicised form of srath | Strathtay NN9153, Strathaird NG5317
stùc nf stùic g stùcan, stùcannan pl | little hill, cliff, pinnacle | Stùc a’ Bhuic NN3904, Stùc Bàn NS2996
stuib | see stob
sùbh nm sùibh g sùbhan pl | raspberry | Meall nan Sùbh NN4539, Bruach nan Sùbh NR4964
suic | see soc
suidhe nm suidhean, suidheachan pl | seat, sitting or resting place, level shelf | Càrn an t‑Suidhe NG8754, Suidhe Beag NJ2624
sùil nf sùla g sùilean pl | eye, sandy hole | Sùil an Ear NB1836, Sùil na Cloiche NB2320
taigh nm taighe g taighean pl | house | Allt nan Taighean NM7293, Bean an Taighe NM6375
tàillear nm tàilleir g tàillearan pl | tailor | Cnoc an Tàilleir NC6036, Coire an Tàilleir NH1839
tairbeart nf tairbeirt g tarbeartan pl | crossing, portage, isthmus | Loch an Tairbeirt NB3419, Tairbeart NG5847
tairbh | see tarbh | Luig an Tairbh NR3143
talamh nmf talamh, talmhainn g talamhan pl | land | Sean‑Talamh NN5615, MonadhSeann‑talaimh NH3001
tana adj | thin, slender, shallow | Loch Tana NB3329
taobh nm taoibh g taobhan pl | side, way, place | Taobh a’ Ghlinne NN0372, Taobh Deas NF9692
tarbeartan | see tairbeart
tarbert | anglicised form of tairbeart | Tarbert NB1400
tarbh nm tairbh g tairbh pl | bull | Boglach nan Tarbh NM6724, Clach anTairbh NH1568
tarsainn adj | lying across, oblique | Toman Tarsainn NH5121, Allt Tarsainn NH1260
tartar nm tartair g | noise, clamour | Uamh an Tartair NC2109
teampall nm teampaill g teampaill pl | church | Teampull Bhuirgh NF7650, TeampullChriosd NF7861
teanga nf teangaidh g teangan, teangannan pl | tongue | Teanga Bhàn NM6526, Teanga nan Each NH0350
teine nm teintean pl | fire, beacon | Tom an Teine NN2179, Cnoc an Teine NH4747
th‑ | A word starting th is often a lenited form of a word starting t
tibber, tiber | anglicised form of tiobar: well | Knockentiber NS3939, Auchentibber NS6754
tigh | non‑standard form of taigh | Tigh an Droma NS0427, Tigh an Eilein NO1464
tilly | anglicised form of tulach | Tillybrack NJ6619, Tillycairn NJ8331
tioram adj | dry | Cnocan Tioram NR7552, Eilean TioramNG7873
tìr nf tìre g tìrean pl | land | Tìr Dhubh NR9732, Tìr Chille NM3218
tòb nm | bay | Tòb a’ Chuilinn NB1733, Tòb a’ Ghearraidh NB0216
tobar nmf tobair, tobrach g tobraichean pl | well, fountain, spring | Tobar an Easbuig NF8040, Tobar na Slàinte NH8573
tobhta nm tobhtaichean pl | ruin with walls standing | Tobhta nan Druidhean NG5158, Tobhta NB0434
tobrach, tobraichean | see tobar
todhar nm todhair g todharan pl | field manured by penning cattle on it | Todhar Dubh NM4151, Ach’an Todhair NN0971
tòine | see tòn
toll nm tuill g tuill pl | hole, hollow | Toll Beag ND0427, Toll Creagach NH1513
tolm nm tuilm g tolman pl | island in a river or near shore | Tolm NB3350, Eilean Thuilm NM4791
tom nm tuim g tomannan pl | knoll (east), copse (west) | Tom na h‑Iolaire NC9221, Loch an Tuim NB4243
tòn nf tòine g tònan pl | fundament, breech, anus | Goirtein na Tòine NM6134, Tom na Tòine NC2630
torc nm tuirc g tuirc pl | boar | Càrn an Tuirc NO1780
tòrr nm torra g torran pl | heap, hill, mountain, mound | Tòrr a’ Bhacain NM3821, Tòrr a’ Chruidh NG3656
tràigh nf tràighe, tràghad g tràighean, tràghannan pl | beach | Cnoc na Tràighe NR2763, Tràigh Mhòr NB5448
trì num | three | Cnoc nan Trì Tom NB3124, Lòn Trì Chrìoch NM9518
tuath adj | north | Meall Tuath NG4176, Port a Tuath NA9812
tuill | see toll | Rubha Uamh an Tuill NR5162
tuilm | see tolm | Allt Thuilm NG0898
tuim | see tom | Beinn an Tuim NM9283
tùir | see tùr | Ceann an Tùir NM6041
tuirc | see torc | Coire Allt an Tuirc NH0522
tulach nm tulaich g tulaichean pl | knoll, hillock | Tom Mòr an Tulach NB3545, Tulach an Fhuarain ND1252
tullich | anglicised form of tulach | Cultullich NN8750, Glastullich NH1595
tulloch | anglicised form of tulach | Scoretulloch NS5836, Tulloch NH6192
tunnag nf tunnaig g tunnagan pl | duck | Loch Tunnaig NM9101, Tòb nan Tunnag NB1433
tùr nm tùir g tùir pl | tower | Tùr Mòr NM5545, Loch an Tùir NC1126
ty | anglicised form of taigh | Tyndrum NH5220, Tynabeinne NR2663, Tynacoille NR2763
uachdar nm uachdair g uachdaran pl | top, upper part, summit | Uachdar NF8055, Allt an Uachdair NR8934
uaimh nf uaimhe, uamha g uaimhean, uamhan pl | cave | Allt na h‑Uaimhe NH7201
uaine adj | green | Cnoc Uaine NG6709, Coire Uaine NH4383
uamh | alternative form of uaimh | Uamh an Òir NG9795
uchd nm uchda g uchdan pl | breast, ascent, side of a hill | Uchd a’ Bhlàir NM4279, Uchd an Ùird NG7931
ùidh nf ùidhe g ùidhean pl | isthmus, ford | Ùidh an Tuim NC2948, Ùidh Dhubh NC3039
ùig nf ùige g ùigean pl | nook, hollow, cave, den, bay | Bad na h‑Ùige ND0737, Bealach Ùige NG4464
uillt | see allt | Bad an Uillt ND2044
uinnseann nm uinnseinn g | ash tree | Allt an Uinnseinn NC3856, Cnoc an Uinnseinn NN5517
ùird | see òrd | Beinn Ùird NS3998, Cnoc an Ùird NH5341
uisge nm uisgean, uisgeachan pl | water, rain, river | Uisge Dhubh NH0038
ulaidh nf ulaidhe g ulaidhean pl | treasure | Tom na h‑Ulaidhe NN5811, Creagan na h‑Ulaidh NH2623
ùr adj | new, fresh, recent | Meall Ùr a’ Bhorraich NG7137
ùruisg nm ùruisge g ùruisgean pl | water spirit | Sruthan an Ùruisge NR5979

The background to the creation of this guide

Early in the 20th century, Ordnance Survey issued a small pamphlet, The most common Gaelic words used on the Ordnance Survey Maps, for use with the one‑inch maps of Scotland. In 1935, the Board of Celtic Studies and the University of Wales compiled a similar booklet, The most common Welsh words used on the Ordnance Survey Maps, for use with maps of Wales. This was reprinted in 1949.

Later it was decided to increase the scope of the Gaelic names pamphlet, so the Scottish Geographical Society undertook a complete recompilation and published an enlarged edition in 1951 which included a list of Scandinavian elements used in Scottish place names. In 1968, Ordnance Survey produced an A5 booklet, Place names on maps of Scotland and Wales, which combined revised versions of both earlier publications. The booklet underwent several reprints, with the last reprint published in 1995.

In the booklet, Ordnance Survey thanked Dr W F H Nicolaisen of the University of Edinburgh’s School of Scottish Studies for his advice on the Gaelic and Scandinavian elements, William Matheson, senior lecturer in the Department of Celtic Studies at the University of Edinburgh for the revised guide to Gaelic pronunciation, and the Board of Celtic Studies of the University of Wales for their help with the Welsh glossary.

In 2003, Ordnance Survey decided to update the content of the booklet, to extend the coverage to include the Scots language, and to publish the revised information electronically as a series of web pages. The resulting series of Guides, of which this is one, were published in 2004, with minor revisions to the Gaelic Guide in 2005, and was republished on GetOutside in 2019. They are not the definitive work on language influences in place names in Great Britain, but more a guide to common elements arising from Gaelic, Scandinavian, Scots and Welsh.

Ordnance Survey has benefited from the skill and expertise of various experts in reviewing the previous material and preparing these Guides. In the case of the Welsh section they are Professor Hywel Wyn Owen and Gruffudd Prys of the University of Wales in Bangor. For the Gaelic, Scots and Scandinavian sections they are Dr Anke‑Beate Stahl, Dr Simon Taylor, Peadar Morgan and the Gaelic Names Liaison Committee.

Further information and references

Top image: Amhuinnsuidhe (river shelf or ledge) Castle on Harris, Outer Hebrides, © Peter Moore, used under Creative Commons Licence via the Geograph project.

Ordnance Survey has a Gaelic names policy relating to the use and depiction of Gaelic names on their mapping and other products. Full details can be found on Gaelic Names Policies page.

Gaelic books and books and cassettes for Gaelic learners can be ordered through the web site of Comhairle nan Leabhraichean/The Gaelic Books Council (gaelicbooks.org). Information on various Gaelic‑language clubs, classes and courses around Scotland and beyond can be found on the web site of Clì Gàidhlig, the membership organisation for Gaelic learners and non‑native speakers

Details of books on Scottish place names can be found on the web site of the Scottish Place‑Name Society/Comann Ainmean‑Àite na h‑Alba at spns.org.uk

Cox, Richard A V (1991): Brìgh nam Facal, Gairm Publications, Glasgow

Gaelic Orthographic Conventions (2005), Scottish Qualifications Authority. Available on the web at sqa.org.uk

See the collection of guides to place names in Britain:

The Scandinavian origins of place names in Britain

The Welsh origins of place names in Britain

The Scots origins of place names in Britain

The Gaelic origins of place names in Britain

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By OS Team